System of electrical distribution.



.No. 865,368. PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907.

J.B.ENTZ.

.' SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION. APPLIGATION FILED 1120.30.1905" 3SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 865,368. PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907. J. B. BNTZ.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

urmcuxou FILED D0.30,1905 V a SHEETS-SHEET 2..

WW3. gmogxm No. 865,368. PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907.

4 J. B. ENTZ.

SYSTEM. OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED mo.so,1 sos.

a sHEETs-sHBIT a.

rrnrrsio STATES PATENT onsrcn.

JUSTUS B. ENTZ, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM or ELECTRICAL nrs'rnrsu'rron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 10, 1907.

Application filed December 30,1905. Serial Ho. 293,972.

tion comprising amon other things a storage battery and itscomplementary" booster.

Hitherto methods of controlling storage batteries by means of boostershad the influencing means connected into the working circuit, in whichcase the full variai-ion of load occurring-in the working circuitaffects the booster. In other cases the influencing means have residedin the generator circuit, in which case the in flucncing means had beendue to the permissible variation of current in this circuit, which isusually the circuit which it is wished to keep constant. In the presentinvention the regulating mcans is the difference in the change of loadin the working circuit and the change of load in the battery circuit,this difference of load representing that which would occur in thegenerator circuit. V

In the present invention the effect which compels the booster to causethe battery to charge or discharge is the total variation or fluctuationin load on a work circuit or branch thereof outside bf the batteryconnection modified by the battery current, or in other words, thepermissible difference between the battery current and the wholefluctuation of current in any work circuit, so that if there are dividedwork circuits the fluctuations in any one or more of them, may inconnection with the battery current be utilized to compel the battery tocharge or discharge.

Objects of the presentinvention are to obtain such sensitiveness andstability of regulation that the battery will properly cooperate withthe rest of the system to provide for effecting regulation in responseto total ments to be presently described and finally claimed.

The nature, characteristic features and scope'of my invention will bemore fully understood from'the following description taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawings forming part hereof and in which Figure1, is a diagrammatic view illustrating one system of distributionembodying features of the invention. Fig. 2, is a similar view shovingthe coils arranged toact through the intervention of a booster.ingcircuit 12. 6, is a series coil arranged in the condown its effect.

regulator, and Fig. 3, isa similar view illustrating the invention inapplication to a system of distribution involving certain devices whichare not shown in Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. l, 1 and 2, designate the working circuit and acrossthem is arranged the generator 3, which may have a flat rising or othercharacteristic. The battery 4, and its properly driven booster 5, arearranged in series with each other and across the workductor 1, of aworking circuit and it responds to the whole load of thiscircuit and mayconstitute (as shown in Fig.1) a field. coil of the booster. At anyrate, it

influences the field of the booster in such a way that the latter tendsto make the battery discharge at times' of heavyload. 7, is acoilarranged in the battery branch and in series with the booster armatureand it is opposed to or differentiated with the coil 6. When the batteryis discharging its current traverses the coil 7, in such a way as totend to influence the booster field in the appropriate manner forlimiting or opposing the battery discharge. The coil 7, is shown in thisfigure as a field coil, but it may be otherwise arranged to accomplishits function as will be hereinafter described. Means are provided foropposing and at times of normal load balancing the effect of the coil 6.An example of such means is the coil 8, connected across some fairlyconstant source as shown for example, across the generat r or batteryterminals according, as shown in the drawings, to the position of theswitch 9;, and the coil 8 is so arranged as to influence the boosterfield. In this figure it is shown as applied to the booster as a fieldcoil, but it may be otherwise applied. At times of normal load thebattery is not. discharging so that the coil 7 is not effective; and thecoils 8 and 6 counteract or balance each other so that the boosterpermits the battery to neither charge nor discharge. Upon increase ofload the coil 6 immediately responds to the entire increase of load andinfluences the booster to compel the battery to discharge. However, upondischarge of the battery the coil 7 becomes energized and opposes thecoil 6; thus cutting The result of this is that the battery is compelledby the coil 6 to discharge promptly upon the occurrence of an overloador increase of load above the normal and the discharge of the batteryinfluencing the coil 7 limits, modifies or controls the effective actionofthe coil 6 so as to prevent the battery from unduly taking an excessof the increase of load. Gonversely a falling off of load below thenormal influences the coil 6 so as to permit the coil 8 to predominateand cause the booster'to compel the battery to charge and immediatelyupon its charging the coil 7, becomes energized and by opposing the coil8 properly controls its action and there is effected a proper charge ofthe battery. Inasmuch as the coil 7, influences the booster to opposethe battery discharge it follows tha if the generator voltage should forany reason fall oil the coil 7 would operate toprevcnt a rush of currentfrom the battery back onto the generator.

in Fig. 2, theseries coil 6*, the coil 7, in the battery branch and thecoil 8* connected across some fairly onstant source are shown as appliedto a booster roguator instead of as constituting field coils of thebooster, The constant source as shown is the goueratorfi, but the switch11;, aiiords means for using the battery 4, as

the constant source.

in Fig. 2, it, and n, are piles oi carbon or like material and they arerespectively connected by conductors m, and 0, across some suitablesour'ce, for example, the battery 4. p, is a pivotal lever oi conductingmateriel adapted to press upon one or the other bf the piles or groupsof carbon is, and n, and connected by means of a conductor a, throughthe field k, by means of a con-- Jpon increase of load l 6 preponderutesin 'espeot and the pressure the pile n is inthat upon the-pile Z5, isdimmishe'dythe that current passes through the regular" 72, in such wayas to influence the el batery to discharge. However, 7 soon thebattezybegins to discharge the coil 7 energized by the battery currentwhich passes through it and this coil 2, when energized opposes theeffect of the coil d uprm the lever 12, thus relieving the pile a, frompressure and subjecting the pile to pressure. find that the discharge iscontrolled, limited, or modified. it will of course be understood thatthe coil 7*, is so wound and arranged in relation to thecoil 8*; thattie coil 7, adds its pull to that of the coil 8 when the battery isdischarging and ,opposes' its pull to that of the coil 8"- when thebattery. is charging. When the load falls below normal the coil (3, nolonger prepouderates over the coil 8, so that the latter operates uponthe leyer p, in such a way as to so adjust the relative resistauce oithe piles k, and n, as to cause the current traversing the field h, tomake the booster 5, charge the it to modify the action of the coil 8,

in such a way that the battery is properly charged.

In Fig. 3, th is shown an alternating current cir- .ch there is a load.0, is a generator ng alternating and direct current ends or brushes, thealt inating current end of which supplies the current u-m. is a circuitwhich includes the direct current end of the part c, and also a properlydriven booster e, and storage battery j, and a coil 9. h, is a fieldcoilfor the booster e, and it is shown as included in a circuit -i, whosepath originates at an intermediate point of the battery and divides, onepart being by way of the re sistance material is, and conductor m, toone end of the 65. battery and the other part being by wayof the resist-The result of this is that the field h, is so modi- However, thecharging current traverses the senses ance hiaterlal n, and theconductor 0, to the other end of the battery. The pivotal lever p,serves to vary the resistance of either one or the other of the partsis, and n, by pressing'upon them and these parts hand at, may consist ofpiles of carbon. q, is a coil interposed in the alternating circuit ab,and it is responsive to thetotal change of the load. 1', is a coilconnected across a fairly constant source as shown by the circuit 8,across the battery terminals. The coil q, contains a core q, which isattached to the lever p, and the coils 1', study, contain a core 9,which is connected to the lever p. A11 adjustable balancing spring 1),is also shown.

The mode of operation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, is the same asthat shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that an increase of load above thenormal on the circuit a-b, influences the solenoid g, which acting uponthe lever 19, so varies the resistance of the parts 1;, and n, that thefield h, influences the booster e, to compel the battery to discharge.Discharge of the battery energizes the coil ofthe solenoid g, thuscounteracting the effect of the coil q, since the coils g and q,arediiferentiatod or opposed, and in this way the resistance at k-n isso ai fected that the coil 7 1 is modified in its elitect and causessistance n,t-, properly for providing a field at h, appropriate forcharging the battery, but the charging of the battery influences thecoil g, and modifies theeliect of the solenoid coil 7, because it isappropriately WOllld, so that the charging is properly effected and theenergy required for charging the battery is derived from the piece ofapparatus 0. At times of'normal load the coil -1, balances the coil q,and the battery neither charges nor discharges and has no effect uponthe piece of apparatus c. From the foregoing description it will be seenthat the load upon the piece of apparatus 0, or rather upon the meanswhich drive it, is kept approximately constant.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which. the ihvcntionrelates that modifications may be made in details without departing fromthe spirit thereof, hence the invention is not limited further than theprior state of the art may require, but

Having thus described the nature and objects of my a series coil in thebattery circuit opposed to the first mentioned coil on discharge andadapted to influence the booster field to cause the booster to work inopposition to current from the battery, and a third coil adapted toinfluence the booster held and to oppose the first mentioned coil,substantially as described.

2. A system of electrical distribution comprising :1

king circuit and its generator, a battery circuit includ-.

working circuit and responsive to changes in the whole load thereon andadapted to influence the booster field, a

series coil in the battery (ZilCllitqODPOSGil to the first men boosterhaving three field influencing coils of which one is responsive to thewhole load and another is opposed durin; battery discharge to the firstand is in series with the booster armature and battery and the third isa balancing coil for opposing," the first mentioned coil, :1 loadcircuit, a battery, and a. generator, substantially as described.

4. A system of electrical distribution comprising a booster having twofield influencing coils of which one is responsive to the whole load andanother is opposed to the first on battery discharge and is in series,with the booster armature and battery, means for opposing the firstmentioned coil, :1 working circuit, a battery, and a generator,substantially as described. Y

o. A system of electrical distribution comprising a generator having analternating current circuit and a direct current circuit, a battery'andbooster in the direct current circuit, a coil in the alternating currentcircuit for influencing the booster fields, a coil in the direct currentcircuit opposed to the first mentioned coil and adapted to influence thebooster field, and means for opposing the iirst mentioned coil,substantially as described.

ii, A system of electrical distribution comprising a gem crator having adirect current circuit. and an alternating current circuit, a batteryand booster in the direct current circuit, opposcd coils adapted toiniiucucc the booster field and whereof one is in the ulternatin currentcircuit and the other is in the direct current circuit, and a third coilfor opposing the coil in the alternating current circuit, substantiallyas described in testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

.liiS'liiS B. ENTU.

Witnesses K. M. GILLIGAN, W. J. JAcnsoxn

